Learn Hebrew vocabulary by typing words and phrases from flashcards. The flashcard summary allows you to check your progress and select flashcards to learn.
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Phonetic Symbols in Hebrew Pronunciation
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) provides a standardized set of symbols to represent the sounds of spoken language. Below are the IPA symbols for Hebrew pronunciation, with examples and descriptions, including the pronunciation of these sounds in English.
Hebrew Vowels
- /a/ - as in אב (av), pronounced /av/ (like "a" in father /ˈfɑːðər/)
- /e/ - as in בן (ben), pronounced /ben/ (like "e" in bed /bɛd/)
- /i/ - as in מי (mi), pronounced /mi/ (like "ee" in see /siː/)
- /o/ - as in כל (kol), pronounced /kol/ (like "o" in not /nɒt/)
- /u/ - as in שלום (shalom), pronounced /ʃaˈlom/ (like "oo" in boot /buːt/)
Hebrew Consonants
- /b/ - as in בית (bayit), pronounced /ˈbajit/ (like "b" in bat /bæt/)
- /v/ - as in אב (av), pronounced /av/ (like "v" in voice /vɔɪs/)
- /ɡ/ - as in גל (gal), pronounced /ɡal/ (like "g" in go /ɡoʊ/)
- /d/ - as in דג (dag), pronounced /daɡ/ (like "d" in dog /dɒɡ/)
- /h/ - as in הוא (hu), pronounced /hu/ (like "h" in hat /hæt/)
- /z/ - as in זה (ze), pronounced /ze/ (like "z" in zebra /ˈzɛbrə/)
- /x/ - as in חג (chag), pronounced /χaɡ/ (like the "ch" in the German Bach /bax/)
- /t/ - as in תפוח (tapuach), pronounced /taˈpuʔaχ/ (like "t" in top /tɒp/)
- /k/ - as in כלב (kelev), pronounced /ˈkelev/ (like "k" in cat /kæt/)
- /l/ - as in לבן (lavan), pronounced /laˈvan/ (like "l" in leaf /liːf/)
- /m/ - as in מים (mayim), pronounced /ˈmajim/ (like "m" in man /mæn/)
- /n/ - as in נהר (nahar), pronounced /naˈhar/ (like "n" in net /nɛt/)
- /p/ - as in פרי (pri), pronounced /pri/ (like "p" in pen /pɛn/)
- /f/ - as in פרח (perach), pronounced /ˈperax/ (like "f" in fun /fʌn/)
- /ʃ/ - as in שלום (shalom), pronounced /ʃaˈlom/ (like "sh" in shoe /ʃuː/)
- /ʔ/ - as in אמת (emet), pronounced /eˈmet/ (a glottal stop, like the sound between the syllables of "uh-oh" /ʌʔoʊ/)
- /ʁ/ - as in רעב (ra'av), pronounced /ʁaʔav/ (like the French "r" in rouge /ʁuːʒ/)
- /ts/ - as in צדק (tsedek), pronounced /ˈtsɛdɛk/ (like "ts" in cats /kæts/)
- /d͡ʒ/ - as in ג׳ונגל (jungle), pronounced /ˈd͡ʒʊŋɡəl/ (like "j" in jam /dʒæm/)
Unique Features of Hebrew Pronunciation
Hebrew pronunciation has distinctive features that are important for learners to understand.
- Beged Kefet Letters: Some consonants (ב, ג, ד, כ, פ, ת) have two pronunciations: plosive and fricative. For example, ב can be /b/ or /v/ depending on its position and the presence of a dagesh (dot).
- Shin and Sin: The letter ש can be pronounced as /ʃ/ (shin) or /s/ (sin), depending on the placement of a dot.
- Glottal Stop: The glottal stop /ʔ/ is a significant sound in Hebrew, represented by the letters א (aleph) and sometimes ע (ayin).
- Non-Emphatic Consonants: Hebrew does not differentiate between aspirated and non-aspirated consonants like English. For example, /p/ in פ (pe) is not aspirated.
- Vowel Reduction: In unstressed syllables, certain vowels can reduce to /ə/, similar to the schwa sound in English.