Learn Turkish vocabulary by typing words and phrases from flashcards. The flashcard summary allows you to check your progress and select flashcards to learn.
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Flashcards settings
The flashcards have their specific settings. You can make the following changes to customize your vocabulary learning experience:Choosing the number of flashcards per exercise
You can choose how many flashcards you want to practice during a typing session. The default number is ten. Selecting a smaller amount of vocabulary may be a good idea if you are a beginner.
Choosing a variant of the English language
You can choose which variant of English the flashcards will use: British or American English. Since there are differences between the two, you can select the variant you prefer.
Changing non-supported keyboard characters
If your keyboard layout does not support certain special characters or diacritics of the language you practice with flashcards, the system can ignore some of these characters. Special characters will be accepted as their closest Latin alphabet equivalents when possible. For example, if the word to type is único and you type unico because your layout doesn't support accents, it won't be considered an error.
Phonetic Symbols in Turkish Pronunciation
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) provides a standardized set of symbols to represent the sounds of spoken language. Below are the IPA symbols for Turkish pronunciation, with examples and descriptions, including the pronunciation of these sounds in English.
Turkish Vowels
- /a/ - as in kapı, pronounced /kaˈpɯ/ (like "a" in father /ˈfɑːðər/)
- /e/ - as in elma, pronounced /ˈelma/ (like "e" in bed /bɛd/)
- /i/ - as in iyi, pronounced /ˈiji/ (like "ee" in see /siː/)
- /ɯ/ - as in kız, pronounced /kɯz/ (similar to the "i" in cousin /ˈkʌzɪn/, but without rounding the lips)
- /o/ - as in okul, pronounced /oˈkul/ (like "o" in not /nɒt/)
- /u/ - as in umut, pronounced /uˈmut/ (like "oo" in boot /buːt/)
- /œ/ - as in ördek, pronounced /ˈœrdɛk/ (like "eu" in French peur /pœʁ/)
- /y/ - as in yüz, pronounced /jyz/ (like "ü" in German über /ˈyːbɐ/)
Turkish Consonants
- /p/ - as in para, pronounced /paˈra/ (like "p" in pen /pɛn/)
- /b/ - as in balık, pronounced /baˈlɯk/ (like "b" in bat /bæt/)
- /t/ - as in tabak, pronounced /taˈbak/ (like "t" in top /tɒp/)
- /d/ - as in deniz, pronounced /deˈniz/ (like "d" in dog /dɒɡ/)
- /k/ - as in kalem, pronounced /kaˈlɛm/ (like "k" in cat /kæt/)
- /ɡ/ - as in güzel, pronounced /ɡyˈzæl/ (like "g" in go /ɡoʊ/)
- /f/ - as in fırın, pronounced /fɯˈrɯn/ (like "f" in fun /fʌn/)
- /v/ - as in vakit, pronounced /vaˈkit/ (like "v" in voice /vɔɪs/)
- /s/ - as in sel, pronounced /sɛl/ (like "s" in see /siː/)
- /z/ - as in zeytin, pronounced /zejˈtin/ (like "z" in zebra /ˈzɛbrə/)
- /ʃ/ - as in şeker, pronounced /ʃeˈkɛr/ (like "sh" in shoe /ʃuː/)
- /ʒ/ - as in jeoloji, pronounced /ʒeoloʒi/ (like "s" in measure /ˈmɛʒər/)
- /t͡ʃ/ - as in çay, pronounced /t͡ʃaj/ (like "ch" in chess /tʃɛs/)
- /d͡ʒ/ - as in cami, pronounced /d͡ʒaˈmi/ (like "j" in jam /dʒæm/)
- /ɲ/ - as in yan, pronounced /jan/ (like "ny" in canyon /ˈkænjən/)
- /l/ - as in lamba, pronounced /lamˈba/ (like "l" in leaf /liːf/)
- /r/ - as in radyo, pronounced /radjo/ (like a tapped "r" in Spanish perro /ˈpero/)
- /m/ - as in masa, pronounced /maˈsa/ (like "m" in man /mæn/)
- /n/ - as in ne, pronounced /ne/ (like "n" in net /nɛt/)
- /j/ - as in yol, pronounced /jol/ (like "y" in yes /jɛs/)
- /ɾ/ - as in ara, pronounced /aɾa/ (like a single tap of "r" in American English butter /ˈbʌɾər/)
Unique Features of Turkish Pronunciation
While Turkish pronunciation shares some similarities with other languages, it has unique features that are important for learners to understand.
- Vowel Harmony: Turkish uses vowel harmony, where vowels within a word harmonize to be either front or back vowels. For example, evler (houses) vs. kapılar (doors).
- Soft G (ğ): The letter ğ (yumuşak ge) has no direct equivalent in English and usually lengthens the preceding vowel, as in ağaç /aˈaʧ/ (tree).
- Front and Back Vowels: Turkish distinguishes between front (e, i, ö, ü) and back vowels (a, ı, o, u), which is crucial for correct pronunciation and vowel harmony.
- Stress: Stress in Turkish words typically falls on the last syllable, although there are exceptions, especially in loanwords and some native Turkish words.
- Syllable Structure: Turkish predominantly follows a CV (consonant-vowel) syllable structure, making it relatively straightforward in terms of pronunciation compared to languages with more complex syllable structures.